intergovernmental specialized agency associated with the United Nations (UN). Established in 1947 by the Convention on International Civil Aviation (1944), which had been signed by 52 states three years earlier in Chicago,
the ICAO is dedicated to developing safe and efficient international air transport for peaceful purposes and ensuring a reasonable opportunity for every state to operate international airlines.
The organization’s permanent headquarters are in Montreal.
The ICAO’s activities have included establishing and reviewing international technical standards for aircraft operation and design, crash investigation, the licensing of personnel, telecommunications, meteorology, air navigation equipment, ground facilities for air transport, and search-and-rescue missions. The organization also promotes regional and international agreements aimed at liberalizing aviation markets, helps to establish legal standards to ensure that the growth of aviation does not compromise safety, and encourages the development of other aspects of international aviation law.
Under the Charter, the functions and powers of the Security Council are:
to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the United Nations;
to investigate any dispute or situation which mightlead to international friction;
to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement;
to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments;
to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken;
to call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression;
to take military action against an aggressor;
to recommend the admission of new Members;
to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas";
to recommend to the GeneralAssembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.
Tuvalu became the 189th member of the United Nations on September 5, 2000. The Prime Minister at the time of entry was the Hon. Ionatana Ionatana, who died in office shortly after, on December 8, 2000.
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA / GA) is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.[1] It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs.
Subsidiary organs
The United Nations General Assembly building.
The General Assembly subsidiary organs are divided into five categories: committees (30 total, six main), commissions (seven), boards (six), councils and panels (five), working groups, and "other".
The Third Committee: Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian (SOCHUM)
The Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonization (SPECPOL)
The Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary
The Sixth Committee: Legal.
The roles of many of the main committees have changed over time. Until the late 1970s, the First Committee was the Political and Security Committee (POLISEC) and there was also a sufficient number of additional "political" matters that an additional, unnumbered main committee, called the Special Political Committee, also sat. The Fourth Committee formerly handled Trusteeship and Decolonization matters. With the decreasing number of such matters to be addressed as the trust territories attained independence and the decolonization movement progressed, the functions of the Special Political Committee were merged into the Fourth Committee during the 1990s.
Each main committee consists of all the members of the General Assembly. Each elects a chairman, three vice chairmen, and a rapporteur at the outset of each regular General Assembly session.
Credentials Committee – This committee is charged with ensuring that the diplomatic credentials of all UN representatives are in order. The Credentials Committee consists of nine Member States elected early in each regular General Assembly session.
General Committee – This is supervisory committee entrusted with ensuring that the whole meeting of the Assembly goes smoothly. The General Committee consists of the president and vice presidents of the current General Assembly session and the chairman of each of the six Main Committees.
Other committees of the General Assembly are enumerated in this list.
Councils and panels The most important (as well as the newest) council is the United Nations Human Rights Council, which replaced the aforementioned UNCHR in March 2006.
1. United Nations entities having primary role in providing protection and assistance in humanitarian cribes : (A) World Food Programme (B) UNDP (C) UNICEF (D) All the above
2. Which of the following pair is not correct? (A) Partial Test-Ban Treaty — 1963 (B) Antarctic Treaty — 1965 (C) NPT — 1968 (D) CTBT — 1996
3. When did International Criminal Police Organisation come into existence : (A) 1914 (B) 1918 (C) 1917 (D) 1915
4. Which of the following UN organ can impose embargoes and sanctions or authorize the use of force : (A) General Assembly (B) International Court of Justice (C) Secretary General (D) Security Council
5. What is the official language of INTERPOL : (A) English, Arabic (B) French (C) Spanish (D) All the above
6. When did INTERPOL obtain observer status by the UN General Assembly : (A) 15th Oct, 1996 (B) 15th Oct, 1998 (C) 15th Oct, 1997 (D) 15th Oct, 1999
7. Where is the headquarters of INTERPOL : (A) U.S.A. (B) U.K (C) France (D) Germany
8. When was International Mobile Satellite Organisation set-up : (A) 1978 (B) 1979 (C) 1977 (D) 1988
9. Where is the headquarters of the International Mobile Satellite Organisation : (A) U.K. (B) U.S.A. (C) Spain (D) Netherlands
10. When was International Telecommunication Satellite Organisation founded : (A) 1969 (B) 1964 (C) 1965 (D) 1962
11. Which of the following day is designated as the International Day of Peace : (A) 1 January (B) 31 December (C) 21 September (D) 15 August
12. Where is the headquarters of International Telecommuni- cation Satellite Organisation : (A) Washington D.C. (B) London (C) Geneva (D) Sweden
13. When was World Tourism Organisation established : (A) 1921 (B) 1923 (C) 1925 (D) 1929
14. Where the University for Peace is established? (A) Kenya (B) Fiji (C) Switzerland (D) Costa Rica
15. Where is the headquarters of the World Tourism Organisation: (A) Spain (B) U.K. (C) U.S.A. (D) India
16. When was International Air Transport Association founded: (A) 1949 (B) 1945 (C) 1947 (D) 1948
17. Where is the headquarters of International Air Transport Association : (A) Canada (B) Singapore (C) France (D) None of the above
18. Where is the headquarters of International Road Federation: (A) Netherlands (B) Spain (C) France (D) Switzerland
19. Where is the headquarters of International Confederation of Free Trade Union : (A) Belgium (B) Denmark (C) Zambia (D) Namibia
20. When was the World Federation of Trade Union founded : (A) 1949 (B) 1945 (C) 1946 (D) 1942
21. Where are the regional offices of World Federation of Trade Unions : (A) New Delhi, Havana (B) Daka, Damascus (C) Moscow (D) All the above
22. Where is the headquarters of the World Federation of Trade Union : (A) Czech Republic (B) Russia (C) U.K. (D) U.S.A.
23. When was European Trade Union Confederation established : (A) 1974 (B) 1973 (C) 1971 (D) 1978
24. Where is the headquarters of European Trade Union Confederation : (A) Italy (B) Democratic Republic of the Congo (C) Belgium (D) Albania
25. When was World Confederation of Labour founded : (A) 1920 (B) 1921 (C) 1923 (D) 1924
1.UN New York 2.Int’ l Court of Justice The Hague 3.UNDP,UNICEF New York 4.UNEP Nairobi 5.UNHCR Geneva 6.IAEA,UNIDO Vienna 7.FAO Rome 8.UNESCO,ESRO Paris 9.IMF Paris & Geneva 10.World Bank (IBRD) Washington DC 11.WIPO,WTO Geneva 12.IMO London 13.UPU Berne 14.ICAO Montreal 15.ADB Manila 16.ASEAN Djakarta 17.CARICOM Georgetown (Guyana) 18.CIS Minsk(Belarus)
B. Rivers Brahmaputra – 2900 km Indus - 2900 km Ganga - 2510 km Godavari – 1450 km Narmada – 1290 km Krishna – 1290 km Mahanadi – 890 km Kaveri – 760 km
Ranking of rivers on the basis of length and direction (west to east ,north to south etc) is a frequently asked question in UPSC prelims. One should also have a good idea about the important international rivers. Ensemble’s Geography through Maps is a good book to follow even for non-geography optional students.
C. Information on important straits : 1.Gibraltar strait separates Spain and Morocco. 2.Magellan strait separates Chile and Tierra del Fugeo. 3.Bass strait separates Australia and Tasmania. 4.Torres strait separates Australia and Papua New Guinea. 5.Bab-al-Mandab strait separates Yemen and Djibouti. 6.Strait of Hormuz separates Iran and UAE. 7.Strait of Malacca separates Malaysia and Sumatra. 8.Selat-sunda strait separates Sumatra and Java.
One should look up all important straits in Atlas and in fact referring atlas should become an important part of reading newspaper.Whenever and wherever one encounters the name of any place or country that one cannot place geographically ,one must immediately look it up in Atlas and don’t stop there,go a step further by looking up nearby countries,mountain ranges,rivers and also whether any tropic or equator is passing through it.This will make the learning more complete and can very well make make the difference.
D.Random Information 1.Oxalic Acid – used to remove ink spots. 2.Sulphuric Acid – dehydrating agent. 3.Hydrogen Peroxide – bleaching agent. 4.Haber’s Process – Ammonia. 5.Ostwald’s Process – Nitric Acid. 6.Solvay Process – Sodium Carbonate. 7.Parke’s Process – Silver.
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