List of Tiger Reserves in India

State	Tiger Reserves	Year Estd.	Total Area (km2)	Management status	Remarks
Assam	Kaziranga Tiger Reserve	2006	859	good	Good tiger density
Assam	Manas Tiger Reserve	1973-74	2840	poor	Poor tiger density, Recovering from prolonged disturbance due to Bodounrest
Assam	Nameri Tiger Reserve	1999-2000	344	satisfactory	Encroachment and tree cutting by locals
Arunachal Pradesh	Namdapha Tiger Reserve	1982-83	1985	poor	Low tiger density, Extremism , encroachment by Lisus
Arunachal Pradesh	Pakhui Tiger Reserve	1999-2000	862	good	Good tiger density
Andhra Pradesh	Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve	1982-83	3568	poor	Low tiger density Left wing extremism
Bihar	Valmiki Tiger Reserve	1989-90	840	Poor	Low tiger density extremism
Chhattishgarh	Indravati Tiger Reserve	1982-83	2799	poor	Severely affected by Naxalites, Out of bounds
Jharkhand	Palamau Tiger Reserve	1973-74	1026	Poor	Low tiger density Left wing extremism
Karnataka	Bandipur Tiger Reserve	1973-74	866	good	Good tiger density
Karnataka	Nagarhole (extension) Tiger Reserve	1999-2000	643	good	Good tiger density
Karnataka	Bhadra Tiger Reserve	1998-99	492	satisfactory	Low tiger density
Kerala	Periyar Tiger Reserve	1978-79	777	good	Low tiger density due to ecological reasons
Kerala/Tamil Nadu	Annamalai-Parambikulam Tiger Reserve	2008	1410	good	Moderate tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve	1993-94	1162	good	Good tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Bori-Satpura Tiger Reserve	1999-2000	1486	satisfactory	Poor tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Kanha Tiger Reserve	1973-74	1945	good	Good tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Panna Tiger Reserve	1994-95	542	poor	Local extinction of tiger due to poaching, dacoit infestation
Madhya Pradesh	Pench Tiger Reserve	1992-93	758	good	Good tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Ratapani Tiger Reserve	2008-09	674
Maharashtra	Melghat Tiger Reserve	1973-74	1677	poor	Low tiger density
Maharashtra	Pench Tiger Reserve	1992-93	257	satisfactory	Moderate tiger density
Maharashtra	Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve	1993-94	620	satisfactory	Moderate tiger density, High rate of man tiger conflicts
Maharashtra	Shahayadri Tiger Reserve	2008-09	569
Mizoram	Dampa Tiger Reserve	1994-95	500	poor	Low tiger density due to ecological reasons
Orissa	Simlipal Tiger Reserve	1973-74	2750	poor	Iow tiger density, Left wing extremism
Orissa	Sunabeda Tiger Reserve	2008-09	856
Rajasthan	Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve	1973-74	1334	good	Good tiger density
Rajasthan	Sariska Tiger Reserve	1978-79	866	poor	Recovering from local extinction of tiger due to poaching
Tamil Nadu	Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve	1988-89	800	satisfactory	Low tiger density due to ecological reasons
Tamil Nadu	Mudumalai National Park	2008	321	satisfactory	Moderate tiger density
Tamil Nadu/Kerala	Annamalai-Parambikulam Tiger Reserve	2008	1410	good	Moderate tiger density
Uttar Pradesh	Dudhwa Tiger Reserve	1987-88	811	satisfactory	Good tiger density, Poaching along borders
Uttar Pradesh	Pilibhit Tiger Reserve	2008-09	1089
Uttaranchal	Corbett Tiger Reserve	1973-74	1316	good	Good tiger density
West Bengal	Buxa Tiger Reserve	1982-83	759	poor	Low tiger density offences by jobless tea plantation workers
West Bengal	Sunderbans Tiger Reserve	1973-74	2585	good	Good tiger density
Chattisgarh	Udanti & Sitanadi Tiger Reserve	2008	1580	poor	Low tiger density
Orissa	Satkosia Tiger Reserve	2007	988	poor	Low tiger density
Chattisgarh	Achanakmar Tiger Reserve	2008	963	poor	Low tiger density
Karnataka	Dandeli-Anashi Tiger Reserve	2007	875	satisfactory	Low tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Sanjay National Park & Sanjay Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary Guru Ghasidas National Park	2008	831	poor	Very low tiger density
Karnataka	Banerghatta tiger and lion reserve	1978	104		not a Project Tiger reserve

Nomenclature of Indian Railways

Nomenclature

Bholu is the mascot of the Indian Railways, adopted in 2003.Trains are sorted into various categories which dictate the number of stops along their route, the priority they enjoy on the network, and the fare structure. Each express train is identified by a four-digit number - the first digit indicates the zone that operates the train, the second the division within the zone that controls the train and is responsible for its regular maintenance and cleanliness, and the last two digits are the train's serial number.

For super-fast trains, the first digit is always '2', the second digit is the zone, the third is the division and only the last digit is the serial number within the division. Trains travelling in opposite directions along the same route are usually labelled with consecutive numbers. Most express trains also have a unique name attached to them which are usually exotic and are taken from landmarks, famous people, rivers and so on. Some notable examples are:

Charminar Express between Hyderabad and Chennai, after the Charminar monument in Hyderabad.

Ashram Express between Ahmedabad and New Delhi, after Mahatma Gandhi's Sabarmati Ashram

Gitanjali Express between Mumbai CST and Howrah (Kolkata), after Rabindranath Tagore's famous work.

Parasuram Express between Mangalore and Thiruvananthapuram, after Parasuram, a mythological character.

Prayag Raj Express between Allahabad and New Delhi, after Prayag, a sacred pilgrimage spot and the ancient name of Allahabad.

भारत रत्न

Bharat Ratna (Hindi: भारत रत्न, translates to Jewel of India^[1] or Gem of India^[2] in English) is India's highest civilian award, awarded for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as "recognition of public service of the highest order."^[3] Unlike knights, holders of the Bharat Ratna carry no special title nor any other honorifics, but they do have a place in the Indian order of precedence.

The award was established by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, on 2 January 1954.^[4] Along with other major national honours, such as the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, the awarding of the Bharat Ratna was suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980.

The honour has been awarded to forty one people, a list which includes two non-Indians and a naturalized Indian citizen. Tamil Nadu is the state with the highest number of awardees (8) followed closely by Uttar Pradesh (7). Originally, the specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal carrying the state emblem and motto, among other things. It is uncertain if a design in accordance with the original specifications was ever made. The actual award is designed in the shape of a peepul leaf and carries with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in Devanagari script. The reverse side of the medal carries the state emblem and motto. The award is attached to a two-inch wide ribbon, and was designed to be worn around the recipient's neck.

Specifications

The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year later the design was altered.

Indian sites on its World Heritage List

UNESCO has put following Indian sites on its World Heritage List:

• Agra Fort (1983)
• Ajanta Caves (1983)
• Ellora Caves (1983)
• Taj Mahal (1983)
• Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984)
• Sun Temple, Konârak (1984)
• Kaziranga National Park (1985)
• Keoladeo National Park (1985)
• Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)
• Churches and Convents of Goa (1986)
• Fatehpur Sikri (1986)
• Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986)
• Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)
• Elephanta Caves (1987)
• Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004) 12
• Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)
• Sundarbans National Park (1987)
• Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005)
• Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)
• Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993)
• Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993)
• Mountain Railways of India (1999, 2005) 13
• Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)
• Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)
• Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)
• The Red Fort complex (2007)

Exploration in INdian NAvy

Exploration

INS Tarangini is the only sailtraining ship in the Indian Navy and is an icon of India's rich maritime history.

The Indian Navy regularly conducts adventure expeditions. The sailing ship and training vessel INS Tarangini began circumnavigating the world on 23 January 2003, intending to foster good relations with various other nations; she returned to India in May of the following year after visiting 36 ports in 18 nations.INS Tarangini returned to port, after a ten month long overseas voyage named Lokayan 07. A solo circumnavigation voyage named 'Sagar Parikrama' is planned for 2008-09 by Cdr. Dilip Donde.

Lt. Cdr. M.S. Kohli led the Indian Navy’s first successful expedition to Mount Everest in 1965; the Navy’s ensign was again flown atop Everest on 19 May 2004 by a similar expedition. Another Navy team also successfully scaled Everest from the north face, the technically more challenging route.^[129] The expedition was led by Cdr Satyabrata Dam, belonging to the elite submarine arm. Cdr. Dam is a mountaineer of international repute and has climbed many mountains including the Patagonias, the Alps among others. This team's record is unmatched by any other navy. The Navy was also the first to send a submariner to summit Everest.

An Indian Navy team comprising 11 members successfully completed an expedition to the Arctic pole. To prepare, they first traveled to Iceland, where they attempted to summit a peak.^[131] The team next flew to eastern Greenland; in the Kulusuk and Angmassalik areas, they used Inuit boats to navigate the region’s ice-choked fjords. They crossed northward across the Arctic Circle, reaching seventy degrees North on skis. The team scaled an unnamed peak of height 11,000 feet and named it ‘’Indian Peak’’.^[132]

The Indian Naval ensign first flew in Antarctica in 1981.^[133] The Indian Navy succeeded in Mission Dakshin Dhruv 2006 by traversing to the South Pole on skis. With this historic expedition, they have set the record for being the first military team to have successfully completed a ski traverse to the Geographic South Pole.^[134] Also, three of the ten member team - the expedition leader - Cdr. Satyabrata Dam, leading medical assistants Rakesh Kumar and Vikas Kumar are now amongst the few people in the world to have visited the two poles and summited Mt. Everest.^[135][136] Indian Navy became the first organization to reach the poles and Mt.Everest.

Anuradha Sawhney

Anuradha Sawhney is the current Chief Functionary and the head of Indian operations of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), India. She is an animal rights activist and the Editor of the Indian edition of the animal rights magazine, Animal Times

Golden Peacock Award

Golden Peacock Award for Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the work force, their families as well as of the local community and society at large. Business needs a stable social environment that provides a predictable climate for investment and trade. Understanding stake-holders expectation is quite simply enlightened self - interest for business in today's interdependent world. It provides opportunity to demonstrate the human face of business. The Golden Peacock Award For Corporate Social Responsibility will help to build organizations brand equity on Corporate Social Responsibility.

2009-Tata Steels

César Award

The César Award is the national film award of France, first given out in 1975. The nominations are selected by the members of the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma.

Lalith Rao to get ‘Puttaraj Samman’

HUBLI: “Puttaraj Samman” for 2009 will be conferred on Hindustani vocalist Lalith J. Rao at a function to be held at Sawai Gandharva Hall here on March 3. Dr. Puttaraj Gawai Foundation and Hanagal Foundation will organise the event in association with the Department of Kannada and Culture.

President of Dr. Puttaraj Gawai Foundation and music critic Sadanan Kanavalli, founder of Hanagal Foundation Manoj Hanagal and president Baburao Hanagal told presspersons here on Saturday that Ms. Rao was the 11th artiste to receive the national-level award. Mr. Kanavalli said vocalist Gangubai Hanagal would confer the award on Ms. Rao when Dr. Puttaraj Gawai would be celebrating his 95th birthday.

A Case of Exploding Mangoes

A Case of Exploding Mangoes (2008)^[1] is a comic novel by the Pakistani writer Mohammed Hanif based on the plane crash that killed General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq, former president of Pakistan. The book has been classified as a novel and adopts a dark satirical style.

'A Case of Exploding Mangoes', which has been short listed for the 2009 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for the Best First Book from Europe and South Asia

UNGA

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA / GA) is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.^[1] It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs.

Subsidiary organs

The United Nations General Assembly building.

The General Assembly subsidiary organs are divided into five categories: committees (30 total, six main), commissions (seven), boards (six), councils and panels (five), working groups, and "other".

[edit]Committees

[edit]Main committees

The main committees are ordinally numbered, 1-6:

• The First Committee: Disarmament and International Security (DISEC)
• The Second Committee: Economic and Financial (ECOFIN)
• The Third Committee: Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian (SOCHUM)
• The Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonization (SPECPOL)
• The Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary
• The Sixth Committee: Legal.

The roles of many of the main committees have changed over time. Until the late 1970s, the First Committee was the Political and Security Committee (POLISEC) and there was also a sufficient number of additional "political" matters that an additional, unnumbered main committee, called the Special Political Committee, also sat. The Fourth Committee formerly handled Trusteeship and Decolonization matters. With the decreasing number of such matters to be addressed as the trust territories attained independence and the decolonization movement progressed, the functions of the Special Political Committee were merged into the Fourth Committee during the 1990s.

Each main committee consists of all the members of the General Assembly. Each elects a chairman, three vice chairmen, and a rapporteur at the outset of each regular General Assembly session.

[edit]Other committees

These are not numbered. According to the General Assembly website, the most important are:

• Credentials Committee – This committee is charged with ensuring that the diplomatic credentials of all UN representatives are in order. The Credentials Committee consists of nine Member States elected early in each regular General Assembly session.
• General Committee – This is supervisory committee entrusted with ensuring that the whole meeting of the Assembly goes smoothly. The General Committee consists of the president and vice presidents of the current General Assembly session and the chairman of each of the six Main Committees.

Other committees of the General Assembly are enumerated in this list.

[edit]Commissions

There are seven commissions:

• Disarmament Commission, established by GA Resolution 502 (VI) and S-10/2
• International Civil Service Commission, established by GA Resolution 3357 (XXIX)
• International Law Commission, established by GA Resolution 174 (II)
• United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), established by GA Resolution 2205 (XXI)
• United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, established by GA Resolution 194 (III)
• United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, established by GA Resolution 60/180 and UN Security Council Resolutions 1645 (2005) and 1646 (2005)]

Despite its name, the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was actually a subsidiary body of ECOSOC.

[edit]Boards

There are six boards.

Councils and panels The most important (as well as the newest) council is the United Nations Human Rights Council, which replaced the aforementioned UNCHR in March 2006.

There are a total of four councils and one panel.

[edit]Working Groups and other

There is a varied group of working groups and other subsidiary bodies.